[Schizophrenia spectrum disorders and physical exercise].

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Psychiatry
• Exercise Science

Background:

• Physical exercise is increasingly recognized for its positive impact on mental health.
• Long-term physical activity may enhance neurogenesis and angiogenesis, crucial for cognitive function in mental illnesses.
• Integrating exercise into therapeutic plans for conditions like schizophrenia is strongly recommended.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current research on the effects of physical exercise on first-episode psychosis and schizophrenia symptoms.
• To identify suitable physical exercise programs for individuals with severe mental illness.
• To explore facilitators and barriers to physical activity engagement in this population.

Main Methods:

• A literature search was conducted using English-language terms: "schizophrenia", "first episode psychosis", "physical exercise".
• Searched international literature and Greek online publications.
• Synthesized findings on exercise benefits, program suitability, and adherence factors.

Main Results:

• Physical exercise offers significant benefits, including weight management, improved cardiovascular health, and prevention of metabolic disorders, particularly relevant for those on antipsychotic treatment.
• Exercise can improve negative symptoms, cognitive functioning, and global functioning in schizophrenia by promoting brain neuroplasticity.
• Program adherence is maximized when activities are enjoyable, offer personal choice, and facilitate social interaction within a supportive environment.

Conclusions:

• Physical exercise is a valuable adjunct therapy for schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis, improving physical health and mental well-being.
• Overcoming obstacles to physical activity requires tailored programs that address motivation and promote engagement.
• Future research and clinical practice should focus on integrating mental health services with community fitness resources and developing specialized, motivating exercise interventions.