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Nervous system modulation through electrical stimulation in companion animals.

Ângela Martins1,2, Débora Gouveia3, Ana Cardoso3

  • 1Animal Rehabilitation Center, Arrábida Veterinary Hospital, Azeitão, Setúbal, Portugal. vetarrabida.lda@gmail.com.

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica
|May 31, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Severe spinal cord injury (SCI) in pets can be treated with neurorehabilitation techniques. This review explores functional electrical stimulation (FES), transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation (TESCS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) for veterinary use.

Keywords:
CatDogElectrostimulationFunctionalityNeurorehabilitation modalitiesSpinal cord

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary neurology
  • Neurorehabilitation
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Domestic animals with severe spinal cord injury (SCI), particularly those negative for deep pain perception (DPP-), may benefit from specialized neurorehabilitation.
  • Human medicine has seen recovery in patients with similar sensory deficits (ASIA Impairment Scale Grade A) through multidisciplinary rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of functional electrical stimulation (FES), transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation (TESCS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) in veterinary neurorehabilitation.
  • To explore the history, biophysics, neurophysiology, neuroanatomy, and parameters of these noninvasive modalities for use in dogs and cats.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on FES, TESCS, and TDCS.
  • Analysis of the scientific principles and application parameters of these techniques.
  • Examination of their relevance and safety for application in veterinary medicine.

Main Results:

  • FES, TESCS, and TDCS are established noninvasive rehabilitation modalities with potential applications in veterinary medicine.
  • Understanding the underlying biophysics, neurophysiology, and neuroanatomy is crucial for effective implementation.
  • Current veterinary applications require further clinical investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Neurorehabilitation modalities like FES, TESCS, and TDCS show promise for treating severe SCI in dogs and cats.
  • Further clinical research is necessary to establish evidence-based guidelines for their use in veterinary practice.
  • These noninvasive techniques offer a potential avenue for improving outcomes in companion animals with neurological deficits.