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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

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The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device
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Challenges in exploring and manipulating the human skin microbiome.

Manon Boxberger1,2, Valérie Cenizo3, Nadim Cassir1,2

  • 1IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.

Microbiome
|May 31, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This review explores the skin microbiome, detailing its composition, role in health and disease, and how factors like aging affect it. It also covers new tools for studying skin microbes and challenges in microbiome manipulation.

Keywords:
3D skin modelsBacteriaCosmeticsCultureDiseasesMicrobiomeNext-generation sequencingProbioticsSkin

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Microbiology
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • The skin harbors a diverse community of commensal microbes.
  • These microbes play crucial roles in maintaining skin health and function.
  • Understanding the skin microbiome is essential for addressing various dermatological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on skin microbial populations.
  • To examine the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the skin microbiome.
  • To focus on the pathobiological basis of skin aging and its microbial connections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific insights.
  • Analysis of studies investigating skin microbial composition.
  • Discussion of emerging tools for microbiome analysis.

Main Results:

  • Skin microbial composition varies significantly.
  • Microbes influence skin health, disease, and aging processes.
  • Intrinsic and extrinsic factors modulate the skin microbiome.

Conclusions:

  • The skin microbiome is a dynamic entity influencing skin physiology and pathology.
  • Advanced tools are improving our understanding of microbe-skin interactions.
  • Manipulating the skin microbiome presents significant challenges and opportunities.