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Disordered Eating, Body Image Dissatisfaction, and Associated Healthcare Utilization Patterns for Sexual Minority

Deepika D Parmar1, Amy Alabaster2, Stanley Vance3

  • 1Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Pediatrics Residency Program, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California.

The Journal of Adolescent Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine
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PubMed
Summary

Sexual minority youth (SMY) show higher rates of disordered eating behaviors and body image dissatisfaction. Despite this, they underutilize specialized mental health services, indicating a need for targeted interventions and screening.

Keywords:
Eating disorderHealth utilizationSexual minority youth

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Area of Science:

  • Adolescent health
  • Mental health services research
  • Public health

Background:

  • Disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) and body image dissatisfaction (BID) pose significant risks to adolescent well-being.
  • Sexual minority youth (SMY) represent a vulnerable population with unique health challenges.
  • Understanding healthcare utilization patterns is crucial for addressing health disparities in SMY.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of DEBs and BID among SMY.
  • To compare DEB and BID rates between SMY and non-SMY.
  • To describe healthcare utilization for eating disorders (ED) among SMY.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 107,528 adolescent well-check data from 2016.
  • Multivariate logistic models to assess associations between SMY status and DEB/BID.
  • Description of healthcare service utilization for EDs in a large healthcare system.

Main Results:

  • SMY reported higher odds of DEBs (aOR 2.0) and BID (aOR 3.8) compared to non-SMY.
  • Older age, female sex, nonwhite race, and elevated BMI were associated with increased ED risk factors across all youth.
  • SMY with ED risk factors utilized ED medical services more than non-SMY, but specialized ED mental health service utilization was not associated with SMY status.

Conclusions:

  • SMY experience higher rates of DEBs and BID, yet show underutilization of specialized ED mental health services.
  • Targeted screening and referral to specialized ED medical and mental health services are recommended for SMY.
  • Future efforts should focus on preventing eating disorder-related mortality and morbidity in this population.