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The Role of GPNMB in Inflammation

Marina Saade1, Giovanna Araujo de Souza1, Cristoforo Scavone1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Frontiers in Immunology
|May 31, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is linked to neuroinflammation in brain diseases. This review examines evidence on whether GPNMB promotes or resolves inflammation, clarifying its role in neurodegenerative conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Inflammation is a critical biological response to injury or infection.
  • Neuroinflammation, the inflammatory process in the central nervous system, is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is increasingly associated with inflammatory and neuroinflammatory processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize existing literature on the role of GPNMB in inflammation and neuroinflammation.
  • To clarify the dualistic or context-dependent function of GPNMB in inflammatory conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating GPNMB expression and function.
  • Analysis of evidence from in vitro and in vivo models of inflammation.
  • Examination of GPNMB's association with pro-inflammatory stimuli and pathological conditions.

Main Results:

  • GPNMB is highly expressed in immune cells like macrophages and microglia.
  • Elevated GPNMB levels are observed in pro-inflammatory states and diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration.
  • Conflicting evidence exists regarding GPNMB's function, with some studies suggesting an anti-inflammatory role and others indicating a pro-inflammatory potential.

Conclusions:

  • The precise role of GPNMB in inflammation remains ambiguous.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate GPNMB's specific mechanisms and net effect in inflammatory and neuroinflammatory contexts.
  • Understanding GPNMB's function is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
Keywords:
GPNMBcancerinflammationmacrophagesneuroinflammationprotection

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