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Tumoral markers in bladder cancer (Review)
Ovidiu Bratu1,2,3, Dragos Marcu1,2, Radu Anghel2
1Department of Urology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
|May 31, 2021
Summary
Diagnosing bladder cancer is challenging due to low sensitivity tests. New urinary biomarkers and genetic analysis are needed to improve early detection and recurrence monitoring for this common urologic malignancy.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Oncology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Bladder tumors are common urologic malignancies with high recurrence rates.
- Non-muscle invasive urothelial bladder carcinomas can progress to aggressive disease.
- Current diagnostic methods like cytology and cystoscopy lack sensitivity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review common tumor markers and genetic modifications in urinary bladder cancer.
- To highlight the need for improved diagnostic and screening techniques.
- To address the challenge of bladder cancer heterogeneity and biomarker development.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of commonly used tumor markers.
- Literature review of frequently encountered genetic modifications.
- Analysis of current diagnostic limitations and future biomarker strategies.
Main Results:
- Cytology and cystoscopy present diagnostic challenges due to low sensitivity.
- Urinary biomarkers show potential for enhancing diagnosis and recurrence prediction.
- Bladder cancer's heterogeneity necessitates multi-marker approaches, though cost-efficiency remains a concern.
Conclusions:
- Improved diagnostic accuracy and recurrence rate determination require enhanced screening techniques.
- Development of cost-effective biomarker panels is crucial for managing bladder cancer.
- Further research into novel biomarkers and genetic alterations is essential for clinical application.
