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Risk Factors for COVID-19 in Patients with Hypertension

Xinxin Wang1, Haihua Zhang1, Huan Du1

  • 1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.

The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien Des Maladies Infectieuses Et De La Microbiologie Medicale
|May 31, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Patients with hypertension and COVID-19 experienced more severe symptoms and higher mortality. Coronary heart disease, neutrophil count, and potassium levels were associated with COVID-19 severity in hypertensive patients.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Hypertension is a common comorbidity in COVID-19 patients, linked to increased severity and mortality.
  • Risk factors for severe COVID-19 outcomes in hypertensive individuals remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity in patients with hypertension.
  • To compare clinical characteristics and outcomes between COVID-19 patients with and without hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 430 COVID-19 patients from Huoshenshan Hospital, China (February 3 - March 10, 2020).
  • Propensity score matching (PSM) to compare 141 hypertensive patients with 141 non-hypertensive patients.
  • Multivariate logistic regression to determine risk factors for COVID-19 severity in hypertensive patients.

Main Results:

  • Hypertensive COVID-19 patients exhibited significantly higher severity rates (28.4% vs. 12.1%, p=0.001).
  • Independent risk factors for hypertension in COVID-19 included coronary heart disease (OR: 5.281), elevated neutrophil count (OR: 1.471), and lower potassium levels (OR: 0.273).
  • Higher pulmonary infection volume was observed in hypertensive patients (5.8 vs. 4.55, p=0.017) and was a significant risk factor for severe COVID-19 (OR: 1.084).

Conclusions:

  • Coronary heart disease, neutrophil count, and potassium levels on admission are associated with COVID-19 outcomes in hypertensive patients.
  • Increased pulmonary infection volume in hypertensive COVID-19 patients indicates a higher risk for disease severity.
Abstract

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