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Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...
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Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry
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Oxidative Modifications of RNA and Its Potential Roles in Biosystem.

Mikiei Tanaka1, P Boon Chock1

  • 1Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
|May 31, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oxidized RNA contributes to Alzheimer's disease and other conditions by causing protein synthesis errors and triggering cell signaling pathways. This review explores RNA oxidation's impact on translation and cellular effects.

Keywords:
8-oxoguanineabasic siteapoptosiscross-linkinflammationoxidative stresssignal transduction pathwaytranslation error

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Elevated oxidized RNA levels are observed in Alzheimer's disease neurons.
  • RNA oxidation is linked to various diseases and pathological conditions.
  • Oxidative modification of RNA generates derivatives, cross-links, and strand breaks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms by which RNA oxidation impacts protein synthesis.
  • To explore the role of RNA oxidation in cellular signaling pathways.
  • To discuss the cellular effects of enzymatic RNA oxidative modification.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on RNA oxidation.
  • Analysis of studies on translation errors caused by oxidized RNA.
  • Examination of research on RNA oxidation-induced signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • mRNA oxidation compromises translational activity and fidelity, leading to aberrant polypeptides.
  • Oxidized RNA can activate signaling pathways, mediating inflammation and apoptosis.
  • Dysfunctional RNA due to oxidation is a proposed pathogenetic molecular mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • RNA oxidation plays a significant role in protein synthesis errors and cellular dysfunction.
  • Oxidative modification of RNA contributes to disease pathogenesis.
  • Further investigation into enzymatic RNA oxidation is warranted.