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Related Concept Videos

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
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Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
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Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:24

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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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Cerebral Hemispheres01:05

Cerebral Hemispheres

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The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
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Vision01:24

Vision

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Association Cortex Is Essential to Reverse Hemianopia by Multisensory Training.

Huai Jiang1, Terrence R Stanford1, Benjamin A Rowland1

  • 1Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|May 31, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multisensory training can restore vision after hemianopia, but only if the anterior ectosylvian sulcus (AES) is active. Deactivating the AES prevents visual recovery, highlighting its crucial role in this rehabilitative process.

Keywords:
colliculusectosylvianhemianopiamultisensoryrehabilitation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory processing
  • Brain plasticity

Background:

  • Unilateral visual cortex lesions cause hemianopia.
  • Multisensory plasticity in the superior colliculus (SC) is implicated in visual recovery.
  • This plasticity is thought to involve signals from the anterior ectosylvian sulcus (AES).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the AES in visual recovery from hemianopia.
  • To determine if corticotectal circuits are essential for multisensory rehabilitation.

Main Methods:

  • Cryogenic deactivation of the ipsilesional AES in hemianopic cats during auditory-visual training.
  • Comparison of visual recovery with AES deactivated versus active.

Main Results:

  • No visual recovery occurred when the AES was deactivated during training.
  • Hemianopia resolved within the normal timeframe when the AES was active.

Conclusions:

  • The anterior ectosylvian sulcus (AES) and its corticotectal projections are essential for resolving hemianopia through multisensory training.
  • The brain requires an operational corticotectal circuit for visual-auditory experience to facilitate visual field restoration.