Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules02:35

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

60.4K
Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...
60.4K
Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules02:35

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

18.8K
18.8K
Complexation Equilibria: Overview01:23

Complexation Equilibria: Overview

1.0K
Complexation reactions take place when dative or coordinate covalent bonds form between metal ions and ligands. The compounds formed in these reactions are called coordination compounds. The number of bonds formed between the metal ion and the ligands is called its coordination number. Generally, most metal ions in an aqueous solution are solvated by water molecules and thus exist as aqua complexes.
The equilibrium constant of the complexation reaction is represented as the formation constant...
1.0K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

9.9K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
9.9K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

28.6K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
28.6K
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

576
In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
576

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cobalt-Catalyzed Syntheses of Acrylamides and Succindiamides from Alkynes and Amines Promoted by Light.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Control of Defect-Mediated Charge Recombination in Kesterite Absorbers through Oxygen-Sodium Interplay.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same author

Information-Theoretic and Conceptual Density Functional Theory Insights on Frustration in Molecular Clusters.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Modulating Intermediate Reactivity for Nitrogen Oxide Selective Catalytic Reduction through Dual Scaling Laws: A Synergetic <i>In Situ</i> Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Study.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Catalytic asymmetric P<sup>(III)</sup>-additions to salicylaldehydes enable divergent stereoselective dearomatizations of phenols.

Chemical science·2025
Same author

Distinguishing Aromaticity from Antiaromaticity with Information-Theoretic and Energetic Information Quantities and Their Links to Molecular Properties.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2025
Same journal

Photoinduced Charge-Transfer Suppresses Triplet Formation Efficiency in Thiocoumarins: Evidence from Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Theoretical Calculations.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2026
Same journal

Porphyrin Aggregation Revisited: From the Four-Orbital Gouterman Model to an Eight-Orbital Framework in Porphin H-Dimers.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2026
Same journal

Unraveling the Electronic Origin of Selectivity in Ambimodal Transition States with Valence Bond Theory.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2026
Same journal

Mechanism and Kinetics of the Initial Oxidative Ring-Opening of Corannulene Radicals under Combustion Conditions.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2026
Same journal

High-Resolution Absorption Spectroscopy of ND<sub>3</sub> between 59,000 and 93,000 cm<sup>-1</sup>.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2026
Same journal

Twisted-Driven Photoionization of Aligned Chiral Molecules: Signatures of Circular and Helical Dichroism.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
10:52

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Published on: April 12, 2019

13.0K

Quantifying Frustrations for Molecular Complexes with Noncovalent Interactions.

Shubin Liu1,2, Chunying Rong3

  • 1Research Computing Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3420, United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
|May 31, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We introduce frustration as a measure of individual molecular part energy loss in complexes. This concept, alongside cooperation, offers a new systems-level view of molecular interactions and their benefits.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Evaluation of Protein-Condensate Dynamics in Live Human Cells
06:48

Author Spotlight: Evaluation of Protein-Condensate Dynamics in Live Human Cells

Published on: January 5, 2024

4.5K
Calibration-free In Vitro Quantification of Protein Homo-oligomerization Using Commercial Instrumentation and Free, Open Source Brightness Analysis Software
08:22

Calibration-free In Vitro Quantification of Protein Homo-oligomerization Using Commercial Instrumentation and Free, Open Source Brightness Analysis Software

Published on: July 17, 2018

7.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
10:52

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Published on: April 12, 2019

13.0K
Author Spotlight: Evaluation of Protein-Condensate Dynamics in Live Human Cells
06:48

Author Spotlight: Evaluation of Protein-Condensate Dynamics in Live Human Cells

Published on: January 5, 2024

4.5K
Calibration-free In Vitro Quantification of Protein Homo-oligomerization Using Commercial Instrumentation and Free, Open Source Brightness Analysis Software
08:22

Calibration-free In Vitro Quantification of Protein Homo-oligomerization Using Commercial Instrumentation and Free, Open Source Brightness Analysis Software

Published on: July 17, 2018

7.5K

Area of Science:

  • * Molecular Biophysics
  • * Chemical Physics
  • * Systems Chemistry

Background:

  • * Noncovalent interactions govern essential biological processes like molecular recognition and signal transduction.
  • * While cooperation in molecular systems is well-studied, the behavior of individual components is less understood.
  • * Understanding individual part behavior is crucial for a complete systems-level perspective.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To quantify 'frustration' as the energetic cost to individual molecular parts within nonadditive complexes.
  • * To explore the relationship between frustration and cooperation in molecular systems.
  • * To provide a new framework for analyzing molecular complexes from a systems viewpoint.

Main Methods:

  • * Development of a quantitative descriptor for frustration based on distortion energy.
  • * Application of the frustration descriptor to analyze simple molecular clusters.
  • * Comparative analysis of frustration and cooperation effects.

Main Results:

  • * Frustration was quantified using distortion energy as a measure of individual part energetic loss.
  • * The frustration effect was found to be smaller than the cooperation effect in the studied systems.
  • * Both frustration and cooperation effects can exhibit positive or negative values, influencing system outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • * The balance between cooperation and individual frustration dictates the overall benefit of a molecular system.
  • * This study introduces a complementary perspective to cooperation, focusing on individual part sacrifice.
  • * The concepts of cooperation and frustration offer new insights applicable to conformational changes, enzymatic catalysis, and more.