Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

436
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
436
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

948
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
948
Dementia01:30

Dementia

268
Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
268
Bonanno's Theory of Grieving01:17

Bonanno's Theory of Grieving

356
Grieving is a complex psychological and emotional process that varies significantly among individuals. George Bonanno's research on bereavement identified four distinct patterns of grieving, offering a nuanced understanding of how people cope with significant loss, such as the death of a spouse, over extended periods. These patterns — resilience, recovery, chronic dysfunction, and delayed grief — highlight the diversity in emotional responses and adaptive mechanisms.
Resilience
356
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

2.7K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over...
2.7K
Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

32.0K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
32.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Prevalent versus incident progressive supranuclear palsy: An analysis of the frequencies of neuropathological and clinical features at U.S. Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers indicate a relatively common tauopathy of aging.

Research square·2026
Same author

Improving the clinical trial landscape for patients with atypical variants of Alzheimer's disease: a call to action.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

Frontal Release Signs and Future Decline in Research Participants With Intact Cognition.

JAMA network open·2026
Same author

GRN rs5848 variant associates with TDP-43 pathology and cancer in opposite directions.

Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology·2026
Same author

Systematic contextual biases in SegmentNT potentially relevant to other nucleotide transformer models.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

scVIP: personalized modeling of single-cell transcriptomes for developmental and disease phenotypes.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Symmetric Bihemispheric Postmortem Brain Cutting to Study Healthy and Pathological Brain Conditions in Humans
08:29

Symmetric Bihemispheric Postmortem Brain Cutting to Study Healthy and Pathological Brain Conditions in Humans

Published on: December 18, 2016

14.3K

Four Common Late-Life Cognitive Trajectories Patterns Associate with Replicable Underlying Neuropathologies.

Shama D Karanth1,2, Frederick A Schmitt2,3, Peter T Nelson2,4

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.

Journal of Alzheimer'S Disease : JAD
|May 31, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive trajectories in late life are linked to brain pathology, with multiple diseases common in declining cognitive function. Understanding these patterns is key for dementia treatment and prevention strategies.

Keywords:
Cognitive declinedementianeurodegenerative disordersneuropsychological teststrajectories

More Related Videos

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains
12:28

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains

Published on: June 3, 2020

17.7K
The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
06:23

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: October 13, 2016

33.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Symmetric Bihemispheric Postmortem Brain Cutting to Study Healthy and Pathological Brain Conditions in Humans
08:29

Symmetric Bihemispheric Postmortem Brain Cutting to Study Healthy and Pathological Brain Conditions in Humans

Published on: December 18, 2016

14.3K
Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains
12:28

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains

Published on: June 3, 2020

17.7K
The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
06:23

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: October 13, 2016

33.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Late-life cognitive function varies significantly, from no decline to severe dementia.
  • Previous research often focused on single cognitive measures, not simultaneous longitudinal performance on multiple tests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine cognitive trajectories in the decade preceding death using two independent datasets.
  • To identify participant characteristics associated with different cognitive trajectory memberships.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized group-based multi-trajectory models (GBMTM) on longitudinal data from 1,346 participants across two cohorts.
  • Assessed cognitive performance using Mini-Mental State Exam, Logical Memory-Immediate, and Animal Naming.
  • Employed multinomial logistic and Random Forest analyses to determine predictors of trajectory groups.

Main Results:

  • Identified four distinct cognitive trajectories in both datasets.
  • Declining trajectories were associated with age at death, Braak neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) stage, TDP-43, and α-synuclein.
  • Braak NFT stage, cerebral atrophy, death age, and brain weight were key predictors; multiple pathologies were prevalent in declining trajectories.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive trajectories are strongly associated with neuropathology, especially Braak NFT stage.
  • The high co-occurrence of pathologies in declining cognitive trajectories highlights the need for simultaneous consideration in dementia interventions.