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Sex estimation by maxillary sinus using computed tomography: a systematic review.

M F Nunes Rocha¹, J G Dietrichkeit Pereira¹, R H Alves da Silva²

¹Medical School Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - Brazil.

The Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology

|May 31, 2021

Summary

Maxillary sinus dimensions can aid in forensic sex estimation when other methods fail. This study reviewed computed tomography scans to assess the maxillary sinus as a reliable auxiliary tool for human identification.

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Area of Science:

Forensic Anthropology
Human Identification
Radiology

Background:

Sex estimation is crucial in forensic identification, especially when primary methods are unavailable.
The maxillary sinus offers a potential identification marker due to its resilience even in severely damaged skulls.
Forensic anthropology provides auxiliary identification methods when standard techniques are not applicable.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of maxillary sinus measurements using computed tomography for sex estimation.
To synthesize current research on maxillary sinus analysis in forensic contexts.
To determine the reliability of the maxillary sinus as an auxiliary tool for sex determination.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases (past 10 years).
Inclusion of studies using computed tomography for maxillary sinus measurements; exclusion of studies using radiographs.
Evaluation of methodological quality and data from 18 selected studies across diverse populations.

Main Results:

Maxillary sinus dimensions (height, width, length, volume) were analyzed across various ethnic groups (Indian, Iraqi, Iranian, Egyptian, Brazilian, French, Dutch, Turkish).
The maxillary sinus demonstrated potential as a viable metric for sex estimation.
Computed tomography provided the necessary three-dimensional analysis for accurate measurements.

Conclusions:

The maxillary sinus serves as a valuable auxiliary indicator for sex estimation in forensic investigations.
Computed tomography-based measurements of the maxillary sinus contribute to robust human identification protocols.
Further research can refine the application of maxillary sinus analysis in diverse forensic scenarios.