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Related Concept Videos

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

640
Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
640
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

367
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
367
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

354
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
354
Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

645
Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
645
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

559
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
559
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

947
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
947

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Anesthetic Considerations for Working Dogs.

Ashley Mitek1, Jacob Johnson2

  • 1College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61821, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice
|June 1, 2021
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Anesthetizing working dogs requires special considerations for veterinary practitioners. This review covers best practices for routine and emergent procedures in these unique canine athletes.

Keywords:
AnalgesiaCanineK9Law enforcement K9Sedation

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Anesthesiology
  • Canine Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Working dogs have unique physiological and performance demands.
  • Anesthetic management for working dogs presents distinct challenges compared to companion animals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review best practices for anesthetizing working dogs.
  • To provide clinical pearls for routine and emergent procedures in working dogs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of anesthetic protocols for working dogs.
  • Synthesis of clinical experience and expert recommendations.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key anesthetic considerations for working dogs.
  • Guidance on anesthetic drug selection, monitoring, and recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Optimized anesthetic protocols are crucial for working dog health and performance.
  • Adherence to best practices ensures improved outcomes for working dogs undergoing anesthesia.