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Striatum and language processing: Where do we stand?

Charlotte Jacquemot1, Anne-Catherine Bachoud-Lévi2

  • 1Département d'Etudes Cognitives, École normale supérieure, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Equipe E01 NeuroPsychologie Interventionnelle, 94000 Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de médecine, 94000 Créteil, France.

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This study proposes a new language model where the striatum acts as a central hub for verbal executive functions, integrating cognitive control, working memory, and attention for efficient language processing.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • The classical Broca-Wernicke-Lichteim-Geschwind model of language processing primarily focused on cortical areas.
  • The role of the striatum in language processing has been historically unclear, despite evidence of language deficits following striatal injury.
  • Existing cortical language models rarely integrate the striatum, partly due to debates about whether striatal dysfunction affects language directly or indirectly through general cognitive functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing research on the link between striatal functions and various linguistic levels (phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, lexico-semantics).
  • To evaluate current language models that incorporate the striatum.
  • To propose an integrative anatomo-functional model of language processing that includes the striatum and executive functions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating striatal function and language.
  • Analysis of existing language processing models.
  • Development of a novel integrative model based on neurological, psycholinguistic, and cognitive science data.

Main Results:

  • A review of studies revealed a connection between striatal functions and multiple levels of language processing.
  • Existing language models incorporating the striatum were found to be insufficient in explaining the diversity of experimental data.
  • The proposed model positions the striatum as a key component of a verbal executive network.

Conclusions:

  • The striatum plays a crucial role in regulating, monitoring, and controlling cognitive resources for language processing.
  • The proposed integrative model effectively combines traditional linguistic levels with executive functions like control, working memory, and attention.
  • This model offers a more comprehensive understanding of the anatomo-functional basis of language, highlighting the striatum's central role.