Retrospective cohort mortality study of Roman Catholic priests

Area of Science:

• Epidemiology
• Oncology
• Sociomedical Sciences

Background:

• Celibacy in Roman Catholic priests has been hypothesized to reduce prostate cancer risk.
• Previous research on this topic has yielded varied results.
• Understanding mortality patterns in specific occupational or religious groups is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the hypothesis that Roman Catholic priests have a reduced risk of developing prostate cancer.
• To examine the overall mortality and specific cancer risks within a cohort of Roman Catholic priests.
• To identify other significant health risks or protective factors associated with the priesthood.

Main Methods:

• A cohort study design was employed, following 10,026 Roman Catholic priests in the United States.
• The cohort was established on January 1, 1949, and followed until January 1, 1978, or until death or leaving the priesthood.
• Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMRs) were calculated to compare observed mortality rates with expected rates in the general population.

Main Results:

• The overall standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for the cohort was 103.
• The SMR for prostate cancer was notably lower at 81.
• Elevated SMRs were observed for laryngeal cancer (147), liver cirrhosis (147), and diabetes (182), while lung cancer (59), emphysema (26), and suicide (13) showed decreased SMRs.

Conclusions:

• The study supports the hypothesis of a reduced risk for prostate cancer among Roman Catholic priests.
• The findings suggest that factors associated with the priesthood, possibly including celibacy, may influence prostate cancer incidence.
• Further research is warranted to elucidate the specific mechanisms behind these observed mortality patterns, including increased risks for other conditions.