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Updated: Nov 3, 2025

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Shift work and body composition: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Piumika Sooriyaarachchi1,2, Ranil Jayawardena3,4, Toby Pavey3

  • 1Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Australia - piumika.sooriyaarachchi@hdr.qut.edu.au.

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Summary

Shift work is linked to increased body fat percentage (BF%). This meta-analysis found shift workers had higher BF% than day workers, highlighting the need for more research into underlying mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Metabolic Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Shift work is increasingly prevalent globally.
  • Shift work is associated with adverse health outcomes, including increased adiposity.
  • Understanding the impact of shift work on body composition is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate existing literature on the association between shift work and body composition.
  • To conduct a meta-analysis on body fat percentage (BF%) in shift workers versus regular day workers.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases.
  • Studies comparing body composition outcomes between shift workers and regular day workers were included.
  • A meta-analysis focused on body fat percentage (BF%) was performed on selected studies.

Main Results:

  • Seven studies involving 17 to 7318 participants were included in the meta-analysis.
  • Four studies indicated higher BF% in shift workers compared to non-shift workers.
  • The pooled mean difference in BF% was 1.77% (95% CI: 0.18, 3.35; P=0.03), with 52% heterogeneity.

Conclusions:

  • Shift work is significantly associated with an increased body fat percentage.
  • Considerable heterogeneity was observed across individual studies.
  • Further high-quality research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms driving these associations.