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Related Concept Videos

Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
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Lobes of the Cerebrum01:22

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The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements....
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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
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Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:24

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

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The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Real-time fMRI Biofeedback Targeting the Orbitofrontal Cortex for Contamination Anxiety
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The magical orbitofrontal cortex.

Geoffrey Schoenbaum1, Mehdi Khamassi2, Mathias Pessiglione3

  • 1Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse.

Behavioral Neuroscience
|June 1, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This special issue captures the latest research on orbitofrontal cortex function. It aims to advance our understanding of this critical brain region through new insights and future directions.

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Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is crucial for decision-making and emotion regulation.
  • Recent advancements necessitate a consolidated overview of OFC research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a snapshot of the current state of orbitofrontal cortex research.
  • To lay the groundwork for future investigations into OFC functions.

Main Methods:

  • This special issue compiles findings from leading researchers in the field.
  • Content reflects discussions and developments from the 4th Quadrennial Meeting on Orbitofrontal Cortex Function.

Main Results:

  • The collection highlights the dynamic and evolving nature of OFC research.
  • It showcases novel perspectives on the multifaceted roles of the OFC.

Conclusions:

  • The orbitofrontal cortex is a complex and transformative area of study.
  • This issue provides a foundation for the next phase of understanding OFC's role in cognition and behavior.