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Related Concept Videos

Coat Assembly and GTPases01:33

Coat Assembly and GTPases

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Vesicles incorporate different coat protein subunits in different cell locations, which changes the properties of the coat, such as the shape and geometry of the transport vesicles. Thus, vesicle coat proteins also play a significant role in cargo selection.
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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
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In cold weather, masonry construction requires specific precautions to ensure mortar does not freeze before curing, as this can significantly weaken its strength and watertightness. Mortar temperature should be maintained between 60°F and 80°F to support proper hydration and curing. Below 40°F, mortar water must be heated, but should not exceed 120°F as high temperatures can reduce mortar's compressive and bond strength.
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PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing01:10

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The sequence of removing or doffing PPE starts with the gloves, as they are the most contaminated. Next is removal of the face shield or goggles, as they would interfere with removing other PPE. Then remove the gown, followed by the mask or respirator. Perform hand hygiene between steps if hands become contaminated and immediately after removing all PPE. Generally, the outside front and sleeves of the isolation gown, the goggles or the mask, the respirator, and the face shield are contaminated.
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Personal protective equipment (PPE) is unique clothing or equipment worn by an employee to minimize or prevent exposure to infectious agents. PPE creates a barrier between the employee and the infectious materials. PPE must be readily available in the patient care area. PPE includes gloves, gowns and aprons, masks and respirators, goggles, face shields, shoes, and headcovers:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Using a Thermal Camera to Measure Heat Loss Through Bird Feather Coats
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Using a Thermal Camera to Measure Heat Loss Through Bird Feather Coats

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You can keep your coat on.

Gregory J Bedwell1,2, Alan N Engelman1,2

  • 1Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.

Elife
|June 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-resolution imaging reveals how the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) operates within host cells. These advanced techniques offer unprecedented views into retroviral activity and cellular interactions.

Keywords:
CLEMDNA labelingHIV-1cell biologyhumaninfectious diseaselive cell imagingmicrobiologyreverse transcriptionuncoatingvirus

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) is a retrovirus that infects host cells.
  • Understanding HIV-1's intracellular mechanisms is crucial for developing effective therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic actions of HIV-1 within host cells using advanced imaging.
  • To gain novel insights into the retroviral lifecycle at a high resolution.

Main Methods:

  • Application of cutting-edge, high-resolution imaging technologies.
  • In situ observation of retrovirus (HIV-1) behavior within living host cells.

Main Results:

  • Detailed visualization of HIV-1's entry, replication, and assembly processes.
  • New understanding of the spatial and temporal interactions between HIV-1 and host cell machinery.

Conclusions:

  • High-resolution imaging provides critical new data on HIV-1 pathogenesis.
  • These findings can inform the development of targeted antiviral strategies.