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Submicrosecond Aggregation during Detonation Synthesis of Nanodiamond.

Joshua A Hammons1, Michael H Nielsen1, Michael Bagge-Hansen1

  • 1Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550 United States.

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|June 1, 2021
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Summary

Detonation nanodiamond (DND) aggregates rapidly after formation, within microseconds, impacting their properties. Understanding this aggregation is key to controlling DND characteristics.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Physics

Background:

  • Detonation nanodiamonds (DND) tend to form aggregates, diminishing their nanoscale properties and necessitating post-processing.
  • The kinetics and mechanisms of DND aggregation remain experimentally uncharacterized, hindering strategies for aggregation control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally determine the time scales and mechanisms of detonation nanodiamond aggregation.
  • To provide insights into controlling DND properties by understanding early-stage aggregation.

Main Methods:

  • Time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (TR-SAXS) was employed.
  • SAXS measurements were conducted in situ during high-explosive detonations producing carbon nanomaterials.

Main Results:

  • DND aggregation into low fractal dimension structures was observed as early as 0.1 microseconds post-detonation.
  • A distinct scattering signal, indicative of graphitic products, was observed concurrently.
  • Explosives producing nano-onions showed no hierarchical scattering within 10 microseconds, suggesting delayed aggregation.

Conclusions:

  • DND aggregation occurs on very short timescales, comparable to particle formation during detonation.
  • The findings highlight the rapid nature of DND aggregation and its dependence on the carbon phase formed.
  • This research provides a foundation for developing methods to mitigate DND aggregation.