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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Validation of a Psychosocial Intervention on Body Image in Older People: An Experimental Design

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Published on: May 31, 2021

Culture Moderates the Relation Between Gender Inequality and Well-Being.

Chen Li¹, Miron Zuckerman¹, Ed Diener^2,3

¹Department of Psychology, University of Rochester.

Psychological Science

|June 1, 2021

Summary

Cultural values significantly impact how gender inequality affects subjective well-being (SWB). In liberal societies, inequality harms SWB, especially for women, while conservative societies show no significant link.

Keywords:

culture gender inequality subjective well-being

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Area of Science:

Social Psychology
Cross-Cultural Psychology
Sociology

Background:

Existing research on gender inequality and subjective well-being (SWB) yields conflicting findings.
Cultural context is hypothesized to moderate the relationship between gender inequality and SWB.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the moderating role of cultural values (liberal vs. conservative) on the relationship between gender inequality and SWB.
To determine if this moderation effect is consistent across different cultural contexts.

Main Methods:

Study 1: Analyzed aggregate data from 86 countries.
Study 2: Examined individual-level data from 145,975 individuals across 69 countries.
Employed statistical analyses to assess the interaction between cultural dimensions and gender inequality on SWB.

Main Results:

In liberal countries, higher gender inequality was associated with lower SWB for both men and women, with a stronger negative effect observed for women.
In conservative countries, no significant relationship was found between gender inequality and SWB.
The liberal-conservative cultural continuum consistently moderated the inequality-SWB link, particularly for lower socioeconomic status groups.

Conclusions:

The impact of gender inequality on subjective well-being is contingent upon a society's cultural orientation along the liberal-conservative spectrum.
Cultural values play a crucial role in shaping individual well-being in the face of societal inequalities.
Findings from both aggregate and individual-level data provide robust support for the cultural moderation hypothesis.