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Risk Factors for Death Among 120,804 Hospitalized Patients with Confirmed COVID-19 in São Paulo, Brazil

Patricia Vieira da Silva1, Silvano Barbosa de Oliveira2,3,4, Juan José Cortez Escalante2,3

  • 11Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|June 1, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Men, the elderly, and individuals with chronic conditions like cardiovascular disease, lung disease, diabetes, and neurological disorders faced a higher risk of death from COVID-19 in São Paulo. This study analyzed 120,804 hospitalized patients.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • São Paulo, Brazil, experienced a high incidence of severe COVID-19 cases.
  • Understanding risk factors for mortality is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in São Paulo.
  • To identify risk factors associated with mortality in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 120,804 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19.
  • Survival analysis comparing characteristics of patients who died versus those who survived.
  • Data collected from February 26 to October 10, 2020.

Main Results:

  • The median age of hospitalized patients was 60 years; 56.1% were male.
  • Comorbidities were prevalent (66.1%), with 34.5% requiring intensive care.
  • A total of 27.4% of hospitalized patients died.
  • Higher mortality risk was associated with male sex (HR 1.22), older age (HR 3.85), and comorbidities including cardiovascular disease (HR 1.05), lung disease (HR 1.38), diabetes (HR 1.14), and neurological disease (HR 1.48).

Conclusions:

  • Male sex, advanced age, and specific comorbidities significantly increased the risk of death among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in São Paulo.
  • These findings highlight vulnerable populations requiring targeted management strategies.

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