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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
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Categorical judgments do not modify sensory representations in working memory.

Long Luu1, Alan A Stocker2

  • 1Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States of America.

Plos Computational Biology
|June 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Categorical judgments do not alter working memory representations. Instead, they act as top-down expectations influencing sensory recall and inference, enabling flexible cognitive adjustments for accurate feature estimation.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Perception

Background:

  • Categorical judgments systematically bias perception.
  • The precise role of working memory in this process is debated, specifically whether it directly modifies representations or operates downstream.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether categorical judgments directly alter working memory representations or influence them via later inference.
  • To differentiate between direct modification of sensory information versus top-down expectation models.

Main Methods:

  • Two psychophysical experiments were conducted with human subjects.
  • Subjects reversed incorrect categorical judgments before estimating stimulus features.
  • Model comparison was used to evaluate different cognitive processes.

Main Results:

  • No evidence was found for initial categorical judgments influencing estimates.
  • Subjects demonstrated flexibility in switching judgments and using correct priors.
  • Feedback appeared to facilitate selective memory recall consistent with current judgments.

Conclusions:

  • Categorical judgments do not directly modify sensory information in working memory.
  • They function as top-down expectations in sensory recall and inference.
  • This suggests a flexible cognitive architecture rather than a fixed modification of memory traces.