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Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
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Dietary Protein Requirements in Children: Methods for Consideration.

Joshua L Hudson1,2,3, Jamie I Baum4, Eva C Diaz1,2,3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.

Nutrients
|June 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Current protein needs for children may be underestimated by 60% using older methods. New research using stable isotope techniques and considering physical activity is needed to update pediatric protein recommendations.

Keywords:
adolescentsamino acidsfitnessmuscle

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Current protein requirements for children are based on the nitrogen balance technique, which may underestimate needs.
  • Recent stable isotope studies suggest protein requirements could be up to 60% higher than current estimates.
  • Existing recommendations do not account for increased protein needs in physically active children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current methods for estimating pediatric protein requirements.
  • To highlight the limitations of the nitrogen balance technique.
  • To discuss newer methods and the impact of physical activity on protein needs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies utilizing nitrogen balance technique.
  • Analysis of data from stable isotope techniques (e.g., indicator amino acid oxidation, 15N-end product method).
  • Discussion of emerging methods like virtual biopsy and 2H3-creatine dilution.

Main Results:

  • The nitrogen balance technique may underestimate protein requirements.
  • Stable isotope techniques suggest significantly higher protein needs.
  • Physical activity likely increases protein requirements for lean body mass accretion.

Conclusions:

  • Current protein recommendations for children (0.95 g·kg-1·day-1 for ages 4-13, 0.85 g·kg-1·day-1 for ages 14-18) may be insufficient.
  • Further research using advanced techniques is crucial to establish accurate pediatric protein requirements.
  • Future recommendations should consider the influence of physical activity levels.