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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

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Overview
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Induction of Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of CBir1 TCR Transgenic CD4+ T Cells to Immunodeficient Mice
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B Cells and Microbiota in Autoimmunity.

María Botía-Sánchez1, Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme1,2, Georgina Galicia1

  • 1GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, 18006 Granada, Spain.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 2, 2021
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Summary

The gut microbiota and B cells interact, influencing autoimmune diseases. Commensal bacteria can trigger immune responses, highlighting the need to understand this complex relationship for potential therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
B cellsGALTIgAMALTPeyer’s patchesautoimmunitydysbiosisinflammationmicrobiota

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • Trillions of microorganisms in mucosal membranes form symbiotic relationships with the host immune system.
  • B cells are crucial, producing secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) to maintain a healthy gut microbiota.
  • Gut microbiota dysbiosis is increasingly linked to autoimmune diseases, suggesting a role in inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the bidirectional interactions between commensals and B-cell responses in autoimmune inflammation.
  • To explore how gut bacteria modulate autoimmune responses via B-cell interactions.
  • To highlight the influence of specific microbial species on immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on gut microbiota, B cells, and autoimmune diseases.
  • Analysis of mechanisms by which gut bacteria influence B-cell function and differentiation.
  • Examination of the role of IL-10 producing B cells and IgA+ plasma cells in immune regulation.

Main Results:

  • Commensal bacteria can induce B-cell clones that cross-react with host antigens.
  • Gut bacteria regulate B-cell subsets, affecting cytokine production and autoimmune inflammation.
  • Commensal signals promote IL-10 producing B cells and IgA+ plasma cells with regulatory functions.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiota and B cells have a complex, bidirectional relationship in autoimmune inflammation.
  • Specific gut microbial species significantly shape the host's inflammatory immune response.
  • Further research is needed to understand the interplay between microbes, genes, and the immune system in autoimmunity.