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Semiconductors

Semiconductors

There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
Metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or lead (Pb) have low resistivity and feature conduction bands that are either not fully occupied or overlap with the valence band, making a bandgap non-existent. This allows electrons in the highest energy levels of the valence band to easily transition to the conduction band upon gaining...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Bridging the Bio-Electronic Interface with Biofabrication

Bridging the Bio-Electronic Interface with Biofabrication

Published on: June 6, 2012

Recent Progress on Semiconductor-Interface Facing Clinical Biosensing.

Mingrui Zhang¹, Mitchell Adkins², Zhe Wang²

¹School of Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|June 2, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Semiconductor (SC)-based field-effect transistors (FETs) are excellent biosensors due to their surface sensitivity. This review covers advancements in SC-FET biosensor interfaces, enhancing their practical applications.

Keywords:

biosensor field-effect transistor interface nanomaterial semiconductor

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Preparation of Silicon Nanowire Field-effect Transistor for Chemical and Biosensing Applications

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Biotechnology

Background:

Semiconductor (SC)-based field-effect transistors (FETs) exhibit high sensitivity to surface adsorption, making them suitable for sensor and biosensor applications.
SC materials offer wide detection ranges, high sensitivity, and robust consistency, enabling integration with microfluidic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in SC-FET biosensors.
To explore various interface structures for SC-FET biosensor design.
To highlight emerging trends accelerating practical biosensor applications.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on SC-FET biosensors.
Analysis of fundamental interface structures: inorganic semiconductor/aqueous, photoelectrochemical, nano-optical, and metal-assisted interfaces.
Examination of organic semiconductor interfaces and CMOS-compatible integrated biosensors.

Main Results:

SC-FETs demonstrate significant potential as sensitive biosensing devices.
Diverse interface strategies enhance SC-FET biosensor performance.
Emerging technologies like organic semiconductors and metal-organic frameworks are accelerating practical applications.

Conclusions:

SC-FET biosensors offer a promising platform for advanced sensing technologies.
Continued research into novel interface structures will drive innovation in biosensor design.
The integration of SC-FETs with other technologies will expand their real-world applications.