Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...

Optimizing Chromatographic Separations

Optimizing Chromatographic Separations

Optimizing chromatographic separations is crucial for obtaining clean separations in a minimum amount of time. Optimization is required for several factors, including kinetic effects related to band broadening, plate height, capacity factor, and separation factor.
Band broadening refers to spreading solute bands as they travel through the column. This broadening can impact resolution. Plate height (H) represents the length required for one theoretical plate. A lower plate height corresponds to...

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Rheology for Wood Plastic Composite Extrusion Part 2: Process Simulation and Experimental Verification.

Polymers·2026

Same author

Rheology for Wood Plastic Composite Extrusion-Part 1: Laboratory vs. On-Line Rheometry.

Polymers·2025

Same author

Wood-Plastic Composites: Manufacturing, Rheology and Processing and Process Modeling.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

Scaling-Up for the Counter-Rotating Twin Screw Extrusion of Polymers.

Polymers·2024

Same author

A Global Approach to Modeling Injection Molding.

Polymers·2024

Same author

Optimization for the Contrary-Rotating Double-Screw Extrusion of Plastics.

Polymers·2023

Same journal

RETRACTED: Alshabanah et al. Elastic Nanofibrous Membranes for Medical and Personal Protection Applications: Manufacturing, Anti-COVID-19, and Anti-Colistin Resistant Bacteria Evaluation. <i>Polymers</i> 2021, <i>13</i>, 3987.

Polymers·2026

Same journal

Correction: Kang et al. Energy-Saving Electrospinning with a Concentric Teflon-Core Rod Spinneret to Create Medicated Nanofibers. <i>Polymers</i> 2020, <i>12</i>, 2421.

Polymers·2026

Same journal

Influence of Self-Adhesive Resin Composite Deep Marginal Elevation on the Sealing Ability of CAD/CAM Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramic Inlays: An In Vitro Study.

Polymers·2026

Same journal

Modulating Exciton Dynamics Through Fluorescent Side Group Incorporation in Benzodithiophene-Benzotriazole-Isoindigo Terpolymers.

Polymers·2026

Same journal

PLA/PBSA Biocomposites Reinforced with Tangerine Tree-Derived Agro-Industrial Waste for Rigid Packaging: Effect of Extraction Treatment on Morphology and Thermo-Mechanical Performance.

Polymers·2026

Same journal

Synergistic Coatings Based on Chitosan and <i>Eugenia caryophyllata</i> Essential Oil to Improve Postharvest Quality of <i>Capsicum chinense</i>.

Polymers·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Design of Solid-State Fermentation Systems for Polymer Hydrolytic Extracellular Enzyme Production by Filamentous Fungi

Design of Solid-State Fermentation Systems for Polymer Hydrolytic Extracellular Enzyme Production by Filamentous Fungi

Published on: June 6, 2025

Optimization and Scale-Up for Polymer Extrusion.

Andrzej Nastaj¹, Krzysztof Wilczyński¹

¹Polymer Processing Department, Faculty of Production Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Narbutta 85, 02-524 Warsaw, Poland.

|June 2, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Optimization and scale-up for polymer extrusion using simulation and Genetic Algorithms are more effective than experimentation. Gaps exist in studies for twin screw extrusion and starve-fed single screw extrusion.

Keywords:

extrusion optimization polymers scale-up

More Related Videos

Twin-Screw Extrusion Process to Produce Renewable Fiberboards

Twin-Screw Extrusion Process to Produce Renewable Fiberboards

Published on: January 27, 2021

Film Extrusion of Crambe abyssinica/Wheat Gluten Blends

Film Extrusion of Crambe abyssinica/Wheat Gluten Blends

Published on: January 17, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Design of Solid-State Fermentation Systems for Polymer Hydrolytic Extracellular Enzyme Production by Filamentous Fungi

Design of Solid-State Fermentation Systems for Polymer Hydrolytic Extracellular Enzyme Production by Filamentous Fungi

Published on: June 6, 2025

Twin-Screw Extrusion Process to Produce Renewable Fiberboards

Twin-Screw Extrusion Process to Produce Renewable Fiberboards

Published on: January 27, 2021

Film Extrusion of Crambe abyssinica/Wheat Gluten Blends

Film Extrusion of Crambe abyssinica/Wheat Gluten Blends

Published on: January 17, 2017

Area of Science:

Polymer Engineering
Process Optimization
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Polymer extrusion is a critical manufacturing process.
Optimization and scale-up are essential for efficient production.
Traditional experimental methods are time-consuming and costly.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the state-of-the-art in polymer extrusion optimization and scale-up.
To evaluate the effectiveness of simulation-based approaches.
To identify research gaps and future perspectives.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on polymer extrusion modeling.
Discussion of various optimization techniques, highlighting Genetic Algorithms.
Analysis of simulation-based optimization and scale-up strategies.

Main Results:

Process simulation, particularly with Genetic Algorithms, offers a more effective approach to optimization and scale-up.
Genetic Algorithms are identified as powerful and efficient optimization tools.
Existing models for counter-rotating twin screw extrusion are known, but optimization studies are lacking.

Conclusions:

Simulation-based optimization and scale-up are superior to experimental methods.
Significant research gaps exist in optimization for counter-rotating twin screw extrusion.
Further research is needed for process simulation-based scale-up in twin screw and starve-fed single screw extrusions.