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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis01:16

Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis

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After a fibrin clot is formed, the next step is clot retraction, a vital process facilitated by platelet contractile proteins, such as actin and myosin. These proteins pull the fibrin strands closer together and condense the clot. This action reduces the size of the clot, creating a smaller, denser structure that effectively seals off the damaged vessel. Clot retraction consolidates the clot and helps with wound healing by bringing the edges of the damaged blood vessel closer together.
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Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

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Overview
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Formation of the Platelet Plug01:22

Formation of the Platelet Plug

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The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...
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Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair01:24

Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair

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The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
The typical wound exudate is odorless, transparent, straw-colored, thin, and watery. Exudate, however, can differ depending on the state of wound healing. Likewise, the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 3, 2025

In Vivo Mouse Model of Spinal Implant Infection
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Plasmin, Immunity, and Surgical Site Infection.

Stuart Hastings1,2, Paul S Myles1,2, Robert L Medcalf3

  • 1Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|June 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tranexamic acid (TXA) may reduce surgical site infections (SSI) by impacting the plasmin system. Further trials are exploring this safe, available agent

Keywords:
antifibrinolyticsfibrinolysisinfectionsepsissurgerytranexamic acid

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PRP as a New Approach to Prevent Infection: Preparation and In vitro Antimicrobial Properties of PRP
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PRP as a New Approach to Prevent Infection: Preparation and In vitro Antimicrobial Properties of PRP
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PRP as a New Approach to Prevent Infection: Preparation and In vitro Antimicrobial Properties of PRP

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • Surgical site infections (SSI) represent a significant global health and economic burden.
  • Current antibiotic prophylaxis for SSI has limitations due to emerging antibiotic resistance.
  • The plasminogen/plasmin system plays a complex role in immune responses and hemostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of novel therapies, such as tranexamic acid (TXA), as adjuncts to antibiotics for SSI prevention.
  • To investigate the mechanisms by which TXA may reduce SSI incidence.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing clinical trial data on tranexamic acid (TXA) and surgical site infections (SSI).
  • Analysis of the role of plasmin and its interaction with coagulation and immune systems.
  • Ongoing large-scale randomized clinical trials are investigating the association between TXA and SSI.

Main Results:

  • Clinical trials indicate a reduction in SSI in patients exposed to TXA.
  • Potential mechanisms include reduced wound hematoma, decreased blood transfusions, or direct immunomodulatory effects.
  • The precise mechanism and magnitude of TXA's benefit in SSI prevention require further elucidation.

Conclusions:

  • Tranexamic acid (TXA), an antifibrinolytic agent, shows promise in reducing surgical site infections (SSI).
  • TXA is a safe, accessible pharmacological agent with potential as an adjunct therapy for SSI prevention.
  • Further research is warranted to fully understand and confirm TXA's role in mitigating SSI.