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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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3D Planning and Printing of Patient Specific Implants for Reconstruction of Bony Defects
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Main 3D Manufacturing Techniques for Customized Bone Substitutes. A Systematic Review.

Javier Montero1, Alicia Becerro1, Beatriz Pardal-Peláez1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

3D printing technologies offer promising solutions for creating customized bone scaffolds to address bone defects. Techniques like Stereolithography (SLA), Robocasting, and Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) enable precise control over scaffold architecture for enhanced bone regeneration.

Keywords:
3D printing3D scaffoldbone regenerationtissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

  • Bone defects present a significant clinical challenge due to bone shortage.
  • Customized bone grafts are crucial for effective defect repair.
  • Advanced manufacturing techniques are needed to create patient-specific bone scaffolds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a bibliographic review of existing 3D technologies for manufacturing customized bone scaffolds.
  • To identify the current status and advancements in 3D scaffold fabrication for bone regeneration.
  • To evaluate the suitability of different 3D printing methods for clinical application.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was performed using keywords such as '3D scaffold', 'bone regeneration', 'robocasting', and '3D printing'.
  • Databases searched included PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and Cochrane Library, supplemented by hand searches in relevant journals.
  • A total of 62 articles describing 14 distinct fabrication techniques were reviewed.

Main Results:

  • Four subtraction and ten addition techniques for scaffold fabrication were identified.
  • Conventional techniques lack control over pore architecture and interconnection.
  • Solid Freeform Fabrication techniques allow for individualized designs and complex porosity generation.

Conclusions:

  • Stereolithography (SLA), Robocasting, and Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) are identified as promising 3D printing techniques for customized bone regeneration.
  • These advanced techniques offer superior control over scaffold design compared to conventional methods.
  • Further development and clinical translation of these technologies are warranted for treating bone defects.