Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

48.0K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
48.0K
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

312
Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
312
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

13.2K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
13.2K
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

36.5K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
36.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cryogenic sample preparation: Comparative analysis of Ga<sup>+</sup> and Xe<sup>+</sup> FIB milling for TEM and APT examination of zirconium.

Ultramicroscopy·2025
Same author

Sleep deprivation modulates pain sensitivity through alterations in lncRNA and mRNA expression in the nucleus accumbens and ventral midbrain.

Neuropharmacology·2025
Same author

Probabilistic memory auto-encoding network for abnormal behavior detection in surveillance video.

Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society·2025
Same author

Participant Engagement and Preference Study for Clinical Outcomes Associated With Atrial Fibrillation: The PEARL-AF Study.

JACC. Advances·2024
Same author

Characteristics and Outcomes of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit.

JACC. Advances·2024
Same author

Design of substituted tetrahydrofuran derivatives for HIV-1 protease inhibitors: synthesis, biological evaluation, and X-ray structural studies.

Organic & biomolecular chemistry·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
10:29

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Published on: May 9, 2025

1.8K

HIV Protease: Historical Perspective and Current Research.

Irene T Weber1, Yuan-Fang Wang1, Robert W Harrison2

  • 1Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA.

Viruses
|June 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Antiviral inhibitors target human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease, but drug resistance is a growing threat. Understanding HIV protease function and resistance mechanisms is crucial for developing effective HIV/AIDS treatments.

Keywords:
HIV/AIDSantiretroviral inhibitorsdrug resistanceprotease structuresretroviral proteases

More Related Videos

Interview: HIV-1 Proviral DNA Excision Using an Evolved Recombinase
10:20

Interview: HIV-1 Proviral DNA Excision Using an Evolved Recombinase

Published on: June 16, 2008

11.6K
Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
05:46

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

18.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
10:29

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Published on: May 9, 2025

1.8K
Interview: HIV-1 Proviral DNA Excision Using an Evolved Recombinase
10:20

Interview: HIV-1 Proviral DNA Excision Using an Evolved Recombinase

Published on: June 16, 2008

11.6K
Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
05:46

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

18.1K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Biochemistry
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease is a critical target for antiviral therapies against HIV/AIDS.
  • Current treatment strategies face challenges due to the emergence of drug-resistant HIV protease variants.

Observation:

  • This review details the historical research on HIV protease structure and function.
  • It examines the development of antiviral inhibitors and studies on drug resistance.

Findings:

  • Fundamental research on HIV protease, notably by Dr. Stephen Oroszlan, established the basis for designing clinical inhibitors.
  • Drug-resistant HIV protease variants offer insights into resistance evolution and molecular mechanisms.

Implications:

  • Continued research into HIV protease function and resistance is vital for advancing HIV/AIDS treatment and combating drug resistance.
  • Understanding resistance mechanisms can inform the development of next-generation antiviral therapies.