Stevia Genus: Phytochemistry and Biological Activities Update

Area of Science:

• Botany
• Pharmacology
• Ethnobotany

Background:

• The Stevia genus comprises approximately 230 species, primarily found in the Americas.
• Stevia rebaudiana is notable for its intensely sweet stevioside, a diterpene glycoside.
• Many Stevia species possess traditional medicinal uses and are rich in phytochemicals.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an updated review of the Stevia genus.
• To cover ethnobotanical aspects and traditional uses.
• To summarize phytochemistry and biological activities of Stevia extracts and compounds.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of ethnobotanical data.
• Compilation of phytochemical constituents.
• Summary of reported pharmacological activities.

Main Results:

• Stevia species are rich in phytochemicals like sesquiterpene lactones, diterpenes, longipinanes, and flavonoids.
• Documented pharmacological activities include antioxidant, antiparasitic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative effects.
• Traditional uses span various ailments across different regions.

Conclusions:

• The Stevia genus is a valuable source of medicinal compounds with diverse pharmacological potential.
• Further research into Stevia's ethnobotany and phytochemistry can uncover new therapeutic applications.
• Stevia species hold significant promise for natural product drug discovery.