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Methodical Design of Viral Vaccines Based on Avant-Garde Nanocarriers: A Multi-Domain Narrative Review
Ehsan Raoufi1, Bahar Bahramimeimandi1, M Salehi-Shadkami2
1Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran.
Abstract:
The current health crisis caused by coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) and associated pathogens emphasize the urgent need for vaccine systems that can generate protective and long-lasting immune responses. Vaccination, employing peptides, nucleic acids, and other molecules, or using pathogen-based strategies, in fact, is one of the most potent approaches in the management of viral diseases. However, the vaccine candidate requires protection from degradation and precise delivery to the target cells. This can be achieved by employing different types of drug and vaccine delivery strategies, among which, nanotechnology-based systems seem to be more promising. This entry aims to provide insight into major aspects of vaccine design and formulation to address different diseases, including the recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2. Special emphasis of this review is on the technical and practical aspects of vaccine construction and theranostic approaches to precisely target and localize the active compounds.
Insights
Developing advanced vaccine systems is crucial for combating viral diseases like COVID-19. Nanotechnology offers promising solutions for effective vaccine delivery and protection against degradation.
Area of Science:
- Immunology and Nanotechnology
- Vaccine Development and Delivery Systems
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for robust vaccine strategies.
- Effective vaccines require protection from degradation and targeted delivery.
- Current approaches face challenges in stability and precision.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review vaccine design and formulation strategies for various diseases, including SARS-CoV-2.
- To explore the role of nanotechnology in enhancing vaccine efficacy.
- To discuss theranostic approaches for targeted compound localization.
Main Methods:
- Review of scientific literature on vaccine development.
- Analysis of nanotechnology-based drug and vaccine delivery systems.
- Examination of theranostic principles in vaccine construction.
Main Results:
- Nanotechnology-based systems show significant promise for vaccine delivery.
- Formulation strategies are key to protecting vaccine candidates.
- Theranostic approaches enable precise targeting and localization of active compounds.
Conclusions:
- Nanotechnology is a promising platform for developing next-generation vaccines.
- Advanced formulation and delivery are essential for durable immune responses.
- Targeted delivery systems are critical for managing viral outbreaks effectively.
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