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Acute acoustic trauma. An emergency condition.

P Hanner¹, A Axelsson

¹Department of Otolaryngology and Audiology, Sahlgrenska Sjukhuset, University of Göteborg, Sweden.

Scandinavian Audiology

|January 1, 1988

Summary

Acute acoustic trauma (AAT) primarily affects high frequencies (3-6 kHz) in male patients aged 16-50. Early reporting and younger age correlate with better hearing improvement after AAT.

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Area of Science:

Otorhinolaryngology
Audiology
Occupational Health

Background:

Acute acoustic trauma (AAT) is a sudden hearing impairment caused by intense noise exposure.
Pre-accident audiograms and immediate post-accident audiological testing are crucial for AAT assessment.
AAT predominantly affects male individuals, with a notable age range observed in affected populations.

Purpose of the Study:

To review audiological findings and treatment outcomes in patients with acute acoustic trauma (AAT).
To identify the most affected frequencies and hearing loss patterns in AAT.
To investigate the influence of age and reporting time on hearing recovery after AAT.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of 16 male patients diagnosed with AAT.
Audiological assessment including pure-tone audiometry (0.5-6 kHz) and extra-high-frequency audiometry (8-20 kHz).
Analysis of hearing loss patterns, severity, and correlation with patient age and time to reporting.

Main Results:

High-frequency hearing loss (3-6 kHz) was more prevalent than low-frequency loss.
Initial maximum hearing loss ranged from 15 to 70 dB.
Extra-high-frequency audiometry revealed asymmetry in all tested patients; younger patients and those reporting earlier showed better hearing improvement.

Conclusions:

Acute acoustic trauma significantly impacts high-frequency hearing, with a tendency towards asymmetry.
Prompt medical attention and younger age are associated with more favorable recovery outcomes in AAT patients.
Pharmacological interventions, including low-molecular-dextran, papaverine, and prednisolone, were administered to a subset of patients.

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