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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Neural Regulation01:37

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Neurotransmitters are integral to the brain's communication system, enabling neurons to transmit signals across synapses. This chemical exchange underpins various cognitive functions, including memory processes. The role of neurotransmitters in memory is multifaceted, influencing the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories through their action on different neural circuits.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Quantitative 3D In Silico Modeling q3DISM of Cerebral Amyloid-beta Phagocytosis in Rodent Models of Alzheimer's Disease
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Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease.

Isaac G Onyango1, Gretsen V Jauregui1, Mária Čarná1

  • 1Centre for Translational Medicine International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic.

Biomedicines
|June 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Alzheimer's disease is linked to aging-related inflammation (inflammaging). New immunomodulatory strategies aim to target neuroinflammation, offering hope for effective Alzheimer's disease treatments.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseDAMPsSASPastrocytesimmunosenescenceinflammasomemicrogliamitochondrianeuroinflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 10% of individuals over 65, with rising prevalence and no current disease-modifying treatments.
  • Aging is associated with inflammaging, a chronic low-grade inflammation potentially contributing to AD's neurodegenerative processes.
  • Dysregulated inflammatory and immune pathways in AD parallel cognitive decline, highlighting the CNS-immune system link.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of inflammaging in driving neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease.
  • To review current immunomodulatory strategies for targeting neuroinflammation in AD.
  • To discuss the development of therapies that selectively address detrimental neuroinflammation without compromising essential immune functions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on inflammaging, neuroinflammation, and Alzheimer's disease.
  • Analysis of the mechanisms linking reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), cellular senescence, pyroptosis, and neuroinflammation.
  • Examination of the impact of compromised brain immune privilege and gut microbiota dysbiosis on neuroinflammation.

Main Results:

  • Aberrant RONS elevation may trigger cellular senescence, inflammation, and pyroptosis in the brain.
  • Compromised brain immune privilege and gut dysbiosis can exacerbate neuroinflammation in AD.
  • Inflammaging processes are implicated in driving the neurodegenerative aspects of Alzheimer's disease.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the interplay between the central nervous system and the immune system is crucial for developing effective AD therapies.
  • Immunomodulatory strategies targeting specific detrimental aspects of neuroinflammation show promise.
  • Future therapies may selectively modulate neuroinflammation, preserving crucial immune defenses.