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Transmembrane TNF and Its Receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2 in Mycobacterial Infections

Andy Ruiz1, Yadira Palacios1, Irene Garcia2

  • 1Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City 14080, Mexico.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 2, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is crucial for controlling inflammation and fighting mycobacterial infections by forming granulomas. Understanding TNF and its receptor interactions is key to developing better therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in various cellular functions like apoptosis and proliferation.
  • TNF plays a critical role in maintaining granuloma formation during mycobacterial infections.
  • The interactions between soluble TNF (solTNF) and transmembrane TNF (tmTNF) with their receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2 are central to immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of TNF and its receptor interactions in the context of mycobacterial infections.
  • To detail the structure and activation pathways of TNF and its receptors.
  • To enhance understanding of molecular mechanisms for developing improved anti-mycobacterial therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on TNF signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of solTNF/TNFRs and tmTNF/TNFRs interactions.
  • Exploration of upstream regulatory factors influencing TNF activation.

Main Results:

  • TNF's dual role (solTNF and tmTNF) and receptor interactions (TNFR1 and TNFR2) are critical in mycobacterial infections.
  • Granuloma formation is essential for controlling infection, with TNF playing a key role.
  • Upstream signaling pathways can be influenced by regulatory factors during infection.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding TNF and TNFR interactions provides insights into mycobacterial pathogenesis.
  • Detailed knowledge of TNF activation pathways can guide the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting TNF signaling pathways offers potential for more effective treatments against mycobacterial infections.
Keywords:
TNF receptorsmycobacterial infectionstumor necrosis factortumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE)

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