Short-Term CPAP Improves Biventricular Function in Patients with Moderate-Severe OSA and Cardiometabolic
Ioana Mădălina Zota1, Radu Andy Sascău1, Cristian Stătescu1
1Department of Medical Specialties (I), Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa-University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 2, 2021
Summary
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy significantly improves biventricular function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiometabolic conditions. Adherence to short-term CPAP enhances cardiac strain and function, particularly left ventricular global longitudinal strain.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Sleep Medicine
- Cardiovascular Imaging
Background:
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep-disordered breathing condition linked to cardiovascular complications.
- Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the primary treatment for moderate-severe OSA, yet patient adherence remains a challenge.
- Patients with OSA often present with cardiometabolic comorbidities like hypertension, obesity, and diabetes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the short-term effects of CPAP on biventricular function in patients with moderate-severe OSA and cardiometabolic comorbidities.
- To assess changes in echocardiographic parameters after 8 weeks of CPAP therapy.
- To identify sensitive markers of CPAP-induced cardiac changes.
Main Methods:
- Prospective study of 57 newly diagnosed moderate-severe OSA patients before CPAP initiation.
- Clinical examination, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and comprehensive echocardiography at baseline and after 8 weeks of CPAP.
- Analysis of biventricular function parameters, including left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) and right ventricular (RV) parameters.
Main Results:
- Short-term CPAP therapy led to significant improvements in left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS).
- CPAP also improved isovolumetric relaxation time, transmitral E/A ratio, and several right ventricular parameters (RV diameter, RV wall thickness, RV S', TAPSE).
- LV-GLS emerged as a more sensitive indicator of CPAP-related changes in left ventricular systolic function than LVEF.
Conclusions:
- Short-term CPAP therapy positively impacts biventricular function in patients with moderate-severe OSA and cardiometabolic comorbidities.
- The observed cardiac benefits are contingent upon patient adherence to CPAP treatment.
- LV-GLS is a valuable and sensitive echocardiographic marker for assessing CPAP's therapeutic effects on cardiac function.
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