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Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Kinematics between the Initial and Terminal Phase of 5km Treadmill Running
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Ankle Muscle Activations during Different Foot-Strike Patterns in Running.

Jian-Zhi Lin1, Wen-Yu Chiu1, Wei-Hsun Tai2

  • 1Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 40404, Taiwan.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Forefoot strike (FFS) running increases ankle plantar flexion and activates biceps femoris (BF) and gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscles more, while decreasing tibialis anterior (TA) activity compared to rearfoot strike (RFS). This suggests altered landing strategies impact running efficiency.

Keywords:
biarticular musclejoint motionlanding patternneuromuscular training

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Science
  • Human Movement Analysis

Background:

  • Running technique significantly influences lower extremity biomechanics and muscle activation.
  • Understanding the differences between forefoot strike (FFS) and rearfoot strike (RFS) patterns is crucial for optimizing performance and preventing injuries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze and compare the landing performance and muscle activity associated with FFS and RFS patterns in runners.
  • To investigate the reliability of measurements for landing performance and muscle activation during different foot strike patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Ten male college participants performed FFS and RFS at 6 km/h.
  • Kinematic data were collected using inertial sensors, and muscle activation was recorded via EMG sensors and an accelerometer.
  • Intraclass correlation coefficients and paired t-tests were used for reliability and significance analysis.

Main Results:

  • Excellent reliability was observed for both landing performance and muscle activation in both FFS and RFS patterns.
  • FFS demonstrated significantly greater ankle plantar flexion compared to RFS.
  • FFS showed increased activation in biceps femoris (BF) and gastrocnemius medialis (GM) during the pre-stance phase, and decreased tibialis anterior (TA) activity compared to RFS.

Conclusions:

  • The ankle strategy plays a key role in controlling foot strike patterns during running.
  • FFS running influences muscle activation, potentially enhancing running efficiency and lower extremity muscle engagement.
  • Neuromuscular training and education are recommended to optimize muscle activation for dynamic running tasks using FFS.