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Related Concept Videos

Major Losses in Pipes01:28

Major Losses in Pipes

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When a fluid flows through a pipe, it experiences energy losses due to frictional resistance along the pipe walls, known as major losses. These energy losses result in a pressure drop, which varies based on the flow conditions — whether laminar or turbulent — and the specific physical properties of the fluid and pipe.
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In pipe systems, minor losses refer to energy losses arising from components such as valves, bends, fittings, expansions, and other features that disrupt the steady flow of fluid. These disturbances cause energy dissipation through turbulence and resistance, which engineers quantify to manage system efficiency effectively.
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Uniform depth channel flow keeps fluid depth consistent along channels such as irrigation canals. In natural channels, such as rivers, approximate uniform flow is often assumed. This condition occurs when the channel’s bottom slope matches the energy slope, balancing potential energy lost from gravity with head loss due to shear stress. This balance prevents depth changes along the channel length, resulting in a steady, uniform flow.Uniform flow in open channels with a constant cross-section...
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General Characteristics of Pipe Flow I01:22

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Pipe flow refers to the movement of fluids within fully enclosed conduits, typically cylindrical in shape, such as water pipes or hydraulic hoses. These conduits are designed to withstand high-pressure gradients that drive fluid movement, contrasting with open-channel flows, where gravity is the primary driving force. Rectangular conduits, like air conditioning and heating ducts, generally operate at lower pressures and are less suited for high-pressure applications.
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General Characteristics of Pipe Flow II01:24

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When fluid enters a pipe, it first passes through the entrance region, where the velocity profile adjusts due to viscous effects. In this region, a boundary layer forms along the pipe walls and grows until it fully occupies the pipe's cross-section. Once the boundary layer merges, the flow becomes fully developed, with a steady velocity profile that remains consistent along the pipe's length.
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Measurements of Local Instantaneous Convective Heat Transfer in a Pipe - Single and Two-phase Flow
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New Equation for Predicting Pipe Friction Coefficients Using the Statistical Based Entropy Concepts.

Yeon-Woong Choe1, Sang-Bo Sim1, Yeon-Moon Choo1

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A new equation simplifies pipe friction coefficient prediction using entropy concepts. This method requires only pipe specifications, entropy value, and average velocity, improving flow discharge estimations in pipelines.

Keywords:
entropy conceptfriction factorpipe flowpipe friction coefficient

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Mechanics
  • Thermodynamics
  • Engineering

Background:

  • Accurate flow discharge prediction in pipelines relies on precise pipe friction coefficient determination.
  • Existing friction coefficient equations often require difficult-to-obtain variables or are limited to specific pipe conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel equation for predicting pipe friction coefficients using statistically based entropy concepts.
  • To create an equation with easily obtainable and estimable parameters for practical pipeline design and operation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a new pipe friction coefficient equation based on entropy concepts.
  • Utilized pipe specifications, entropy value, and average velocity as input parameters.
  • Validated the equation against Nikuradse's experimental data for both smooth and rough pipes.

Main Results:

  • The proposed equation demonstrated high accuracy, with R2 values of 0.998 for smooth pipes and 0.979-0.994 for rough pipes.
  • Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values were low (0.000366 for smooth, 0.000399-0.000436 for rough pipes).
  • Discrepancy ratio analysis confirmed the equation's high accuracy for both smooth and rough pipe conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The new entropy-based equation offers a simpler and more accessible method for predicting pipe friction coefficients.
  • This advancement facilitates easier and more accurate estimation of flow rates in pipeline systems.
  • The findings have significant implications for pipeline design and operational efficiency.