Novel Mangosteen-Leaves-Based Marker Ink: Color Lightness, Viscosity, Optimized Composition, and Microstructural...

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Green Chemistry
• Ink Formulation

Background:

• Dry mangosteen leaves are an underutilized, abundant natural resource.
• Previous research on plant-based marker ink often employed less efficient methods.
• Developing sustainable ink formulations is crucial for reducing environmental impact.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the effects of glycerol and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on mangosteen leaf-based marker ink properties.
• To optimize ink formulation for maximum color lightness, minimum viscosity, and fast drying.
• To develop a predictive model for ideal ink characteristics.

Main Methods:

• Utilized Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for statistical analysis and model development.
• Tested ink viscosity, color lightness, and drying properties.
• Analyzed mangosteen leaf microstructure using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

Main Results:

• Lower glycerol content enhanced color lightness.
• Reduced carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) concentration led to lower ink viscosity.
• Optimal formulation identified with specific weight percentages of glycerol, benzalkonium chloride, ferrous sulphate, and CMC.
• SEM revealed cell wall structure collapse correlating with lower glycerol amounts.

Conclusions:

• Glycerol and CMC significantly influence marker ink properties.
• RSM provides an effective approach for optimizing natural-based ink formulations.
• Mangosteen leaves offer a viable, sustainable source for high-quality marker ink production.