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Related Concept Videos

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

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The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions
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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

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Segmented-Block Poly(ether amide)s Containing Flexible Polydisperse Polyethyleneoxide Sequences and Rigid Aromatic

Miriam Trigo-López1, José A Reglero Ruiz1, Patricia D Peredo1

  • 1Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Novel aromatic diamines were synthesized and polymerized into poly(ether amide)s. Polydispersity of polyethyleneoxide (PEO) segments significantly impacts polymer properties like crystallinity and thermal behavior.

Keywords:
aromatic polyamidescondensation monomerspolyethyleneoxidesegmented block copolymers

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Using Polystyrene-block-polyacrylic acid-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization
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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Aromatic polyamides are versatile materials.
  • Incorporating flexible segments like polyethyleneoxide (PEO) can modify polyamide properties.
  • Understanding the impact of PEO segment characteristics is crucial for material design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel aromatic diamines with varying lengths of oxyethylene sequences.
  • To polymerize these diamines into poly(ether amide)s with polydisperse PEO segments.
  • To investigate the structure-property relationships of these novel polymers.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of three novel aromatic diamines.
  • Low-temperature solution polycondensation with various acid chlorides (IPC, TPC, BDC, OBE).
  • Characterization of twelve resulting poly(ether amide)s, including molecular mass determination and thermal analysis.

Main Results:

  • Twelve poly(ether amide)s with high molecular mass (Mw > 12,000) were successfully synthesized.
  • The polydispersity of PEO segments significantly influenced crystallinity, flexibility, solubility, and thermal properties.
  • A clear correlation was observed between PEO segment length/polydispersity and thermal transition temperatures (e.g., melting point).

Conclusions:

  • The polydispersity of incorporated polyethyleneoxide (PEO) sequences is a critical factor in tuning poly(ether amide) properties.
  • These novel polymers offer tunable characteristics for potential applications.
  • The study highlights the importance of PEO segment architecture in polymer design.