Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Causality in Epidemiology01:21

Causality in Epidemiology

1.1K
Causality or causation is a fundamental concept in epidemiology, vital for understanding the relationships between various factors and health outcomes. Despite its importance, there's no single, universally accepted definition of causality within the discipline. Drawing from a systematic review, causality in epidemiology encompasses several definitions, including production, necessary and sufficient, sufficient-component, counterfactual, and probabilistic models. Each has its strengths and...
1.1K
Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II01:28

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II

855
The Bradford Hill criteria serve as guidelines for establishing causative links in epidemiological research. Beyond Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality, key criteria also include Biological Gradient, Plausibility, Coherence, Experiment, and Analogy. These principles assist scientists in assessing the likelihood of causation in complex biological contexts. Below is a summary of these concepts:
855
Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - I01:30

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - I

692
The Bradford Hill criteria are a group of principles that provide a framework to determine a causal relationship between a specific factor and a disease. There are nine criteria that are pivotal in assessing causality in epidemiological studies. Here's a closer look at Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality criteria with definitions and examples:
692
Cause and Effect01:53

Cause and Effect

11.6K
While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
11.6K
Correlation and Causation01:27

Correlation and Causation

40.2K
Statistical tests can calculate whether there is a relationship, or correlation, between independent and dependent variables. An indirect relationship of the variables signifies a correlation, while a direct relationship shows causation. If it is determined that no connection exists between the variables, then the correlation is a coincidence.
Correlation versus Causation
If the dependent variable increases or decreases when the independent variable increases, there is a positive or negative...
40.2K
Law of Effect01:06

Law of Effect

1.9K
B.F. Skinner, a prominent figure in behavioral psychology, introduced operant conditioning by emphasizing the role of consequences in shaping behavior. This theory builds upon the law of effect proposed by Edward Thorndike, which posits that behaviors followed by satisfying outcomes are likely to be repeated. In contrast, those followed by unsatisfying outcomes are less likely to recur.
Edward Thorndike's foundational work involved studying learning in animals, particularly using puzzle...
1.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Low Entropy Future Boundary Conditions.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2022
Same author

Apparent Power Laws Can Occur without Criticality.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2021
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
08:43

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: August 7, 2017

8.1K

Causality Is an Effect, II.

Lawrence S Schulman1

  • 1Physics Department, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5820, USA.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Causality is linked to the thermodynamic arrow of time, defined by increasing entropy. This study provides a quantum generalization of this link, applicable to Gaussian wave packets.

Keywords:
Gaussian wave packetsarrow of timecausalityentropy increasequantum generalization

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Unlocking New Insights in fNIRS Studies - A Novel Framework for Inter-Brain Synchrony Analysis
05:59

Author Spotlight: Unlocking New Insights in fNIRS Studies - A Novel Framework for Inter-Brain Synchrony Analysis

Published on: October 6, 2023

2.9K
Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal
06:45

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal

Published on: April 18, 2017

6.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
08:43

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: August 7, 2017

8.1K
Author Spotlight: Unlocking New Insights in fNIRS Studies - A Novel Framework for Inter-Brain Synchrony Analysis
05:59

Author Spotlight: Unlocking New Insights in fNIRS Studies - A Novel Framework for Inter-Brain Synchrony Analysis

Published on: October 6, 2023

2.9K
Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal
06:45

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal

Published on: April 18, 2017

6.3K

Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • The relationship between causality and the arrow of time is a fundamental concept in physics.
  • The thermodynamic arrow of time, defined by entropy increase, has been previously linked to causality within classical mechanics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generalize the established link between causality and the thermodynamic arrow of time to the quantum mechanical domain.
  • To explore the implications of quantum mechanics on the directionality of cause and effect.

Main Methods:

  • Review of earlier work based on classical mechanics.
  • Development of a quantum mechanical framework for causality.
  • Application of the quantum framework to a gas of Gaussian wave packets.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration that causality follows the thermodynamic arrow of time in the quantum realm.
  • The quantum generalization confirms the entropy increase principle as the determinant of causal direction.
  • The proofs are specifically derived for systems described by Gaussian wave packets.

Conclusions:

  • Causality is intrinsically tied to the thermodynamic arrow of time, even in quantum systems.
  • The study successfully extends classical concepts of causality and time's arrow to quantum mechanics.
  • The findings are robust for systems representable by Gaussian wave packets, opening avenues for further quantum investigations.