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Related Concept Videos

Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete01:26

Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete

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The alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete involves natural siliceous minerals in aggregates reacting with alkaline hydroxides derived from cement alkalis. This reaction forms an alkali-silica gel that absorbs water, swells, and increases in volume, which is confined by the surrounding cement paste, creating internal pressures that crack and disrupt the concrete. The extent of expansion and damage can be partly attributed to the alkali-silica reaction's osmotic hydraulic pressure and the...
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Pozzolans are siliceous or aluminous materials blended with Portland cement. They interact with the calcium hydroxide produced during the hydration of Portland cement and contribute to improved strength and durability of concrete. The pozzolanic activity, a measure of a pozzolan's effectiveness, is typically assessed using the strength activity index, as defined in ASTM C 618-93, which calculates the ratio of the compressive strength of cement mixtures with and without pozzolan.
Fly ash is...
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Accelerators01:17

Accelerators

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Accelerators in concrete serve as admixtures to speed up the hardening process, enabling the concrete to achieve early strength faster. Although accelerators do not necessarily impact the time it takes concrete to set, they reduce this time in practice. A common accelerator is calcium chloride, which is particularly useful for hastening early strength development in cold weather or for rapid repair jobs that require quick heat generation after mixing.
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Preplaced Aggregate Concrete01:29

Preplaced Aggregate Concrete

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Preplaced aggregate concrete is ideal for construction environments that are not easily accessible. The process begins by properly wetting the gap-graded coarse aggregates to remove the dirt, then placing it in the form and compacting it. Voids are filled with a mortar mix pumped under pressure through slotted pipes. This mortar typically consists of Portland cement, pozzolan, fine aggregates, water, and a fluidizing aid. The pozzolan helps reduce bleeding and segregation while improving the...
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Mortar01:29

Mortar

374
Mortar, a mixture of Portland cement, hydrated lime, sand, and water, is a crucial binding material in construction. Its primary function is to join masonry units together, filling gaps and ensuring a uniform distribution of weight across the structure. This helps in preventing potential weaknesses. Mortar also serves as a protective barrier against environmental elements such as water and wind, thereby safeguarding the interior of the structure. It also compensates for surface irregularities...
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Types of Cement II01:22

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Portland blast-furnace cement is made by blending Portland cement clinker with granulated blast-furnace slag, which accounts for 25 to 65 percent of the cement's weight. Despite its similarities to ordinary Portland (Type I) cement in terms of fineness and setting times, its early strength is lower, though it achieves comparable strength later on. It's particularly suited for mass concrete structures and marine environments due to its lower heat of hydration and superior sulfate...
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Two-way Valorization of Blast Furnace Slag: Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Zeolitic Heavy Metal Adsorbent
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Waste-Based One-Part Alkali Activated Materials.

Margarida Gonçalves1, Inês Silveirinha Vilarinho2, Marinélia Capela2

  • 1Department of Environment and Planning, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sustainable construction materials, one-part alkali-activated materials (AAMs), were developed using waste blast furnace slag and exhausted sands. These eco-friendly mortars exhibit high compressive strength, offering a greener alternative to ordinary Portland cement.

Keywords:
alkali activated materialsblast furnace slagbottom bed ashescompressive strengthone-part

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Sustainable Construction

Background:

  • Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) production has a significant carbon footprint.
  • Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) offer a sustainable alternative binder in construction.
  • Waste valorization is crucial for developing circular economy construction materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel waste-based one-part alkali-activated materials (AAMs) binders.
  • To investigate the feasibility of using exhausted sands from biomass boilers as aggregates in AAMs mortars.
  • To evaluate the fresh and hardened properties of these sustainable mortars.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of blast furnace slag (precursor) and exhausted sands (aggregates).
  • Development of one-part AAMs binders using slag and sodium metasilicate.
  • Mortar formulation with exhausted sands replacing commercial sand.
  • Evaluation of mechanical properties (compressive strength) and microstructural analysis (FTIR).

Main Results:

  • One-part AAMs binders and mortars with commercial sand achieved high compressive strengths (56 MPa and 79 MPa, respectively).
  • Mortars incorporating exhausted sands (CT and CA) demonstrated excellent compressive strengths (86 MPa and 70 MPa, respectively).
  • Other material properties remained unaffected by the use of exhausted sands.

Conclusions:

  • High compressive strength, waste-based one-part AAMs mortars can be successfully produced.
  • Exhausted sands from biomass boilers are a viable waste material for use as aggregates in AAMs.
  • This research promotes sustainable construction practices by utilizing industrial by-products.