Negative Regulation of FGFR (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor) Signaling

Patrycja Szybowska1,2, Michal Kostas1,2, Jørgen Wesche1,2

  • 1Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway.

Cells
|June 2, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling is vital for human development and health. Cells employ multiple mechanisms to tightly control FGFR signaling, preventing diseases linked to its dysregulation.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Signaling
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling is crucial for embryonic, fetal, and adult human development.
  • Aberrant FGFR signaling is implicated in various diseases, including skeletal disorders and cancer.
  • Strict control over the magnitude, duration, and location of FGFR signaling is essential for appropriate biological responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cellular mechanisms that regulate and terminate FGFR signaling after receptor activation.
  • To provide an overview of the complex network of cellular processes involved in FGFR signaling control.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cellular mechanisms regulating FGFR signaling.
  • Analysis of endocytosis, endocytic sorting, phosphatase activity, negative regulatory proteins, and feedback phosphorylation.
  • Synthesis of information on how these mechanisms interact to control FGFR signaling.

Main Results:

  • Multiple cellular mechanisms exist to regulate and inhibit FGFR signaling.
  • These mechanisms include endocytosis, phosphatase activity, negative regulatory proteins, and feedback phosphorylation.
  • These regulatory processes can act simultaneously or sequentially to control FGFR signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Cells possess an extensive repertoire of mechanisms to tightly control FGFR signaling.
  • These integrated mechanisms prevent excessive FGFR signaling and maintain cellular homeostasis.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the intricacies of FGFR signaling regulation.

Related Concept Videos

TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
8.2K
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR...
2.4K
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
14.6K
Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
37.0K
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
3.0K
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
7.2K