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Video Bioinformatics Analysis of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Colony Growth
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Bile Goes Viral.

Victoria R Tenge1, Kosuke Murakami2, Wilhelm Salmen1,3

  • 1Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

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|June 2, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bile acids (BAs) and their receptors are crucial for replicating difficult-to-culture viruses like norovirus and hepatitis B/C viruses. Understanding these enterohepatic factors aids in developing better laboratory virus culture systems.

Keywords:
bile acidsgastrointestinal infectionhepatitis virusesnoroviruses

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Hepatology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Laboratory virus cultivation is essential for antiviral development and diagnostics.
  • Human noroviruses and hepatitis B/C viruses are challenging to replicate in cell culture due to their tropism for the intestine and liver.
  • Enterohepatic signaling molecules, such as bile acids (BAs), play a role in viral replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the involvement of bile acids and their receptors in the replication of human noroviruses and hepatitis B/C viruses.
  • To discuss how manipulating bile acids and receptors has aided in developing and optimizing cell culture systems for these viruses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the role of bile acids and bile acid receptors in viral replication.
  • Analysis of mechanisms by which bile acids influence viral entry, replication, and host immune response.
  • Examination of specific bile acid receptors, like the Na+-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide, in hepatitis B virus replication.

Main Results:

  • Bile acids promote viral replication through mechanisms including enhanced cellular uptake, altered membrane composition, modified endocytic pathways, direct viral capsid interaction, and modulation of innate immunity.
  • Expression of the Na+-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide receptor is critical for hepatitis B virus entry and replication in liver cell lines.
  • Viruses hijack cellular functions, and understanding bile acid-mediated processes is key to deciphering norovirus and hepatitis B/C virus replication.

Conclusions:

  • Bile acids and their receptors are vital components of the enterohepatic system that significantly influence the replication of challenging viruses.
  • Targeting bile acid pathways and receptors offers a promising strategy for improving laboratory culture systems for norovirus and hepatitis B/C viruses.
  • Further research into these interactions will enhance our understanding of viral replication mechanisms and facilitate the development of novel antiviral strategies.