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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Effective Analysis of Human Exposure Conditions with Body-worn Dosimeters in the 2.4 GHz Band

Effective Analysis of Human Exposure Conditions with Body-worn Dosimeters in the 2.4 GHz Band

Published on: May 2, 2018

24 GHz Flexible Antenna for Doppler Radar-Based Human Vital Signs Monitoring.

Nitin Kathuria¹, Boon-Chong Seet¹

¹Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|June 2, 2021

Summary

This study introduces a flexible antenna array for non-contact vital signs monitoring using 24 GHz bio-radar. The developed bio-radar system accurately detects breathing rate and heart rate from a distance.

Keywords:

Doppler radar bending analysis bio-radar flexible antenna human vital signs liquid crystal polymer noncontact monitoring

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Area of Science:

Electromagnetics and Applied Physics
Biomedical Engineering
Microwave Engineering

Background:

Noncontact monitoring of human vital signs is crucial for healthcare.
Doppler radar, or bio-radar, offers real-time vital signs detection.
Antenna design is critical for bio-radar performance, requiring high directivity and flexibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and fabricate a flexible four-element antenna array for 24 GHz bio-radar systems.
To evaluate the antenna array's performance for noncontact vital signs monitoring.
To analyze the impact of mechanical bending on antenna characteristics.

Main Methods:

Design of a four-element antenna array on a 100 μm thick liquid crystal polymer (LCP) substrate.
Utilizing a 24 GHz bio-radar system with the fabricated antenna array.
Testing vital signs detection (breathing rate and heart rate) at a distance of 60 cm with -3 dBm RF power.

Main Results:

The antenna array exhibits a compact size (36.5 × 53 mm²) and a measured gain of 5.81 dBi.
Accurate detection of breathing rate (BR) and heart rate (HR) was achieved for two subjects.
The antenna's performance under bending conditions was analyzed.

Conclusions:

The flexible LCP-based antenna array is suitable for noncontact vital signs monitoring using 24 GHz bio-radar.
The system demonstrates effective detection of human breathing and heart rates.
The antenna's mechanical flexibility is a key feature for practical bio-radar applications.