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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
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RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
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Decoding LncRNAs.

Lidia Borkiewicz1, Joanna Kalafut1, Karolina Dudziak1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland.

Cancers
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PubMed
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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial in health and disease, acting as tumor drivers or suppressors. This review details methods for studying lncRNA functions, structures, and interactions, highlighting their medical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were once considered transcriptional noise.
  • Emerging evidence highlights ncRNAs' critical roles in biological processes, development, and disease.
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), defined as >200 nucleotides, are increasingly recognized for their involvement in various cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of lncRNA research, focusing on methodologies.
  • To summarize current knowledge on lncRNA functions, interactomes, and structural characteristics.
  • To present recent findings on lncRNA involvement in diseases and their therapeutic potential.

Main Methods:

  • Review of interdisciplinary research efforts in lncRNA characterization.
  • Analysis of novel and adapted techniques for identifying lncRNA functions and interactions.
  • Compilation of data on lncRNA roles in disease pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs are key players in numerous tumors, acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors.
  • Understanding lncRNA mechanisms requires innovative experimental and computational approaches.
  • Significant progress has been made in characterizing lncRNA structures and their interaction networks.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are integral to cellular functions and disease states, particularly cancer.
  • Advanced methodologies are essential for dissecting the complex roles of lncRNAs.
  • lncRNAs hold promise for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in medicine.