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Related Concept Videos

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

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Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

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The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
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Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Microfluidic Fabrication of Polymeric and Biohybrid Fibers with Predesigned Size and Shape
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Recent Advances in Elongational Flow Dominated Polymer Processing Technologies.

Zhongke Yuan1, Xiaochuan Chen1, Dingshan Yu1

  • 1Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer-based Composites of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.

Polymers
|June 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel polymer processing technique using elongational flow offers significant advantages over traditional methods. This innovative approach enhances mixing, product quality, and adaptability while reducing processing times for the polymer industry.

Keywords:
eccentric rotor extruderelongational flownumerical simulationpolymer processingvane extruder

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science and Engineering
  • Materials Processing

Background:

  • Conventional polymer processing relies on shear-flow-dominated techniques.
  • The polymer industry requires continuous innovation in plasticizing and conveying methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in polymer processing techniques based on elongational flow.
  • To elucidate the applications, opportunities, and challenges of elongational flow processing.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of novel processing methods like vane extruders and eccentric rotor extruders.
  • Analysis of polymer behavior under elongational flow conditions.

Main Results:

  • Elongational flow processing offers advantages such as shorter processing times and higher mixing effectiveness.
  • Improved product performance and adaptability to diverse material systems were observed.
  • New techniques enable the development of advanced plastic products and reduced manufacturing costs.

Conclusions:

  • Elongational flow-based processing represents a significant advancement in polymer material processing.
  • This technique opens broad opportunities for innovation in plastic product development and cost reduction.