Insights into SARS-CoV-2 Persistence and Its Relevance

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Immunology
• Public Health

Background:

• Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a global health crisis.
• Controlling the pandemic requires understanding viral replication, pathogenesis, and transmission dynamics.
• Identifying asymptomatic/mild infections and managing persistent viral shedding, reinfection, and PASC are critical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a living literature review on SARS-CoV-2 viral persistence, reinfection, and PASC.
• To identify research gaps and guide future scientific and clinical priorities.

Main Methods:

• Living literature review of studies published between January 2020 and March 15, 2021.
• Synthesis of findings on viral persistence, reinfection, and PASC.

Main Results:

• Persistent viral shedding, reinfection, and PASC pose significant challenges to pandemic control.
• Understanding these phenomena is crucial for effective public health responses and patient rehabilitation.

Conclusions:

• Further research is needed to elucidate the links between viral persistence, intra-host evolution, host immunity, and protective immunity.
• This knowledge is essential for guiding future research priorities in basic science and clinical practice.
• Addressing these areas will improve management of COVID-19 survivors and enhance pandemic control strategies.