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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 3, 2025

MicroRNA Expression Profiles of Human iPS Cells, Retinal Pigment Epithelium Derived From iPS, and Fetal Retinal Pigment Epithelium
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Transcriptome Profiling of Embryonic Retinal Pigment Epithelium Reprogramming.

Jared A Tangeman1, Agustín Luz-Madrigal1,2,3, Sutharzan Sreeskandarajan1,4

  • 1Department of Biology and Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.

Genes
|June 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Embryonic retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) can regenerate neural retina via fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) signaling. This study reveals FGF2 drives reprogramming through MAPK pathways and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like dynamics, offering insights into retinal regeneration.

Keywords:
EMTLCMRNA-seqRPEreprogrammingretina

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plasticity is linked to fibrosis in proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
  • Embryonic chicken RPE can regenerate neural retina after injury, driven by fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of embryonic RPE reprogramming.
  • To identify key signaling pathways and cellular processes involved in FGF2-induced RPE reprogramming.

Main Methods:

  • Laser capture microdissection to isolate RPE from intact, injured, and FGF2-treated embryonic chicken retinas.
  • RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze transcriptomic changes.
  • Clustering, pathway enrichment, and gene set enrichment analysis.

Main Results:

  • Injured RPE showed repressed cell cycle genes and upregulated injury-response genes.
  • FGF2-treated RPE was enriched for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-responsive genes and retina development factors.
  • Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) machinery and extracellular matrix (ECM) dynamics were implicated in early reprogramming.

Conclusions:

  • FGF2 and the MAPK cascade are critical drivers of embryonic RPE reprogramming.
  • EMT-like processes and ECM interactions play an early role in this regenerative capacity.
  • Findings provide a transcriptomic basis for understanding RPE disorders and promoting retinal regeneration.