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Related Concept Videos

Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations01:30

Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
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Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Coronary Vasculitis.

Tommaso Gori1

  • 1Kardiologie I and DZHK Standort Rhein-Main, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.

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|June 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Coronary artery vasculitis encompasses diverse conditions affecting young patients, often progressing rapidly. This review details associated diseases, their diagnosis, and therapy for cardiologists.

Keywords:
coronary artery diseaseinflammatory diseasesvasculitis

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Coronary artery vasculitis is a group of diseases characterized by inflammation of the coronary arteries.
  • Manifestations range from microvasculature involvement (pericarditis, myocarditis) to large vessel issues (stenosis, aneurysm, dissection, thrombosis).
  • Compared to atherosclerosis, coronary artery vasculitis affects younger patients and exhibits more rapid progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a concise overview of coronary artery vasculitis for practicing cardiologists.
  • To describe associated clinical entities, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies.
  • To highlight the spectrum of coronary artery vasculitis, including recent associations with SARS-CoV-2.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of established and emerging coronary artery vasculitis conditions.
  • Synthesis of information on clinical presentations, diagnostic criteria, and treatment modalities.
  • Focus on conditions relevant to practicing cardiologists.

Main Results:

  • Coronary artery vasculitis includes Kawasaki disease, Takayasu's arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa, ANCA-associated vasculitis, and giant-cell arteritis.
  • A Kawasaki-like syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is a recent addition.
  • Diverse clinical manifestations and varying disease severity are noted.

Conclusions:

  • Coronary artery vasculitis requires prompt recognition and management due to its distinct characteristics and potential for rapid progression.
  • Understanding the spectrum of associated diseases is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
  • This review serves as a practical guide for cardiologists managing patients with coronary artery vasculitis.