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The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
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Using a Combination of Indirect Calorimetry, Infrared Thermography, and Blood Glucose Levels to Measure Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Humans
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Thermogenic Fat: Development, Physiological Function, and Therapeutic Potential.

Bruna B Brandão1, Ankita Poojari2, Atefeh Rabiee2

  • 1Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brown and beige fat cells (thermogenic adipocytes) show promise for treating obesity and metabolic diseases by increasing energy expenditure. Understanding their development and function is key to new therapies.

Keywords:
adipose tissuedevelopmentmetabolismmolecular circuitsobesitysecretometherapythermogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic science
  • Adipose tissue biology
  • Obesity research

Background:

  • Rising global rates of obesity and metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease necessitate novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Thermogenic adipocytes (brown and beige fat) are increasingly recognized for their potential to combat metabolic disorders due to their energy expenditure capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms governing brown and beige adipocyte development and activation.
  • To explore the role of thermogenic adipocytes in energy homeostasis and metabolic regulation.
  • To discuss the implications of altered adipose tissue function in obesity and the therapeutic potential of targeting thermogenic activation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on adipocyte biology.
  • Analysis of pathways and molecular players involved in brown and beige fat formation.
  • Discussion of metabolic roles and therapeutic applications.

Main Results:

  • Thermogenic adipocytes increase energy expenditure, modulate lipid and glucose levels, and offer a potential therapeutic avenue for obesity and related conditions.
  • Understanding the molecular intricacies of adipocyte development is crucial for designing effective metabolic disorder treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting the formation and activation of brown and beige adipocytes presents a promising strategy for managing obesity and metabolic syndrome.
  • Further research into thermogenic adipocyte function can unlock new therapeutic approaches for metabolic health.